The most lethal earthquake in history is probably one that you never heard of--a May-July, 1201 earthquake that struck the eastern Mediterranean, including Egypt and Syria. It is estimated that more than 1.1 million people were killed. (See here). The earthquake is detailed in an article entitled "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." published in 2005 in the Annals of Geophysics vol. 48 (3) p. 347-435 (available at http://hdl.handle.net/2122/908).
As you may have gathered from my prior post that discussed the New Madrid Earthquake, really large earthquakes rarely are an isolated event, but that there are generally a series of earthquakes and aftershocks that may last weeks or months.
In the case of the 1201 earthquake, there apparently was a series of earthquakes between late May and extending into August. The primary quake--i.e., the most damaging--appears to have been on May 20, 1201, which destroyed Nablus, and heavily damaged Damascus and Tripoli. It also caused a destructive tsunami along the coast of Syria and on Cyprus. It was felt in as far separated places as northern Iran, Mesopotamia, and Sicily. This first earthquake apparently had little impact in Jerusalem and Egypt, though it seemingly caused the failure of the Nile floods.
There was a subsequent earthquake in June or July that caused destruction in Tyr, Beirut, Damascus, Baalbak, several towns in Palistine, Homs (in Syria) and caused a tsunami in Cyprus. A later earthquake in July-August collapsed monuments and temples in Baalbak (perhaps weakened previously?).
The article notes that many of the deaths may have been the result of the resulting famine, rather than directly as a result of the earthquake(s), which should be a further lesson for us on the importance of a good store of foodstuffs where feasible.
As for other quakes, this site has a list of the 12 worst earthquakes in history.
Earth's Changing Surface
ReplyDelete■Introduction
■Task
■Process
■Evaluation
■Conclusion
■Credits
■Teacher Page
Process
1. Research major natural destructive events.
The resources listed below may be used in your research (This page contains references to documents on other web sites throughout the World Wide Web. The webquest author is not responsible for the content of any material contained on other sites which are referenced via this page, nor is endorsement or verification implied.)
Volcanoes:
FEMA For Kids: Volcanoes Volcanoes Online Volcano Database
USGS Volcano glossary Volcanic Hazzards Volcano World
MSNBC Anatomy of a Volcano Virtual Lava Tube
Enchanted Learning: Volcano
Earthquakes:
What Are Earthquakes? USGS Earthquakes for Kids
1906 San Francisco Earthquake FEMA For Kids: Earthquakes
Understanding Earthquakes How Stuff Works: Earthquakes
Other Processes:
LiveScience Hurricane Guide FEMA Disaster Area
Hurricanes (Enchanted Learning) Soil Erosion
What Causes Hurricanes How Tsunamis Work
Other Natural Disaster Websites
2. Choose one event for your report.
3. Research the event.
4. Write a report explaining how this event was a destructive force. Give examples of how technology could have been used to predict it and how human intervention could have prevented or reduced damage caused by the event.
(this is what I'm writing about.)
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