Showing posts with label Radiation/Nuclear Survival. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Radiation/Nuclear Survival. Show all posts

Saturday, August 22, 2026

Weekend Reading #70

It’s been quite a ride.  Back when people actually read blogs like this, at least 20,000 of you would consume the knowledge dump on a weekly basis.  It’s how many of you first learned about me and my training.  Now it seems almost pointless to keep it up.  Fewer than 3,000 people read it each week and page views have been steadily dropping by 10-20% a year since 2017.  My website operates at a significant net loss.  No sane person would spend 40+ hours a week researching and compiling articles in this format for the $200 a month I get in advertising income.

He promises to keep doing it though for as long as he is able. Which is good, because it is a valuable source of valuable self-defense information. Of course, we have a bevy of links as well, including the following:

  • A link to a video from Gun Sam Revolver Ballistics entitled ".22 Magnum Spanks .380 ACP! Winchester FMJ Flat Point Ballistic Gel Test." While you are over at that channel, you should also check out his recent video comparing .327 Magnum to 9 mm. Greg also links to other videos showcasing the ballistic capability of .22 Magnum.
  • An article on preparing for and surviving a nuclear or radiological attack. An excerpt:

    A serious setup includes a few instruments worth their cost. A radiation survey meter reads the level around you in the moment; a personal dosimeter tracks the total dose you have absorbed over time. Round those out with an emergency radio for official updates, a water filtration system for when your stored supply runs thin, and a properly fitted respirator for any situation that forces you through contamination.

    The training matters more than the hardware, and most people have the ratio backward. Learn basic emergency communications, including how to work a radio when the cell network is gone. Take a first aid course, and look into disaster medicine if you want to push further. Run your shelter plan with your family until everyone can reach the right room without a word of direction.

    In the end, skill beats equipment every time. A person with real knowledge and a simple kit outperforms someone with a closet of expensive gear and no idea how to use it. Spend accordingly: Put your first dollars and first hours into understanding the material, then build out the equipment from there.

  •  An article covering common problems and solutions with AR-15 barrels, including what to check when purchasing or evaluating a barrel. Interestingly, the author notes that whereas it was once common for the gas ports to be oversized, it is now more common for the gas ports to be undersized.
  • Like many of us, Greg has taken note of the sudden debate on the usefulness of the vertical foregrip and links to an article discussing the issue (the debate, that is). Greg cuts to the chase, though, writing: "How about trying a vertical foregrip and seeing if it makes you shoot better?  If it does, keep it.  If it doesn’t, take it off.  It really isn’t that difficult."
  • An article on ground fighting, particularly if you, as the defender, get knocked to the ground. I particularly like this useful tidbit:

Unfortunately, traditional ukemi (break-falls) that involve slapping the mat to disperse the force of your fall don’t translate well to concrete and asphalt. The basic concepts of rounding your body (like the rockers on a rocking chair), tucking your chin to protect your head, and using your feet and butt to absorb the shock of a fall are more adaptable to hard surfaces than slap-style falls. The safest method I’ve found is to first learn the traditional falls on a mat, and then deemphasize the slappy part to focus on the other mechanics. Once you can fall on a mat without slapping, gradually progress to thinner mats and harder surfaces. 

  •  Notice that the DOJ has concluded that lawful gun owners can carry when visiting a Post Office.
  • Some tips on running an AK.
  • A video testing 8 different types of speed loaders. Sometimes you don't have a choice in speed loaders because most brands only produce loaders for a very limited number of firearms. In other words, you might be forced to use HKS for no other reason than that company produces the widest selection. 
  • Finally, you might check out the differences between the firearms market in 1986 versus 2026.  

    Some former FBI counterterrorism investigators point out that because mosques act as the hubs of Islamic enclaves – which include neighborhoods, religious schools (or “madrassas”), medical clinics, halal butchers, grocery stores, restaurants, and Sharia-compliant banks – the roots of 3,500 semiautonomous “exclusionary zones” have already potentially formed inside America. They say Muslim communities expand in a hub-and-spoke pattern out from the anchor mosque, grabbing more and more land and territory for Allah as they grow in numbers.

[snip]

    As much as they may want to take over parts of the country and implement Sharia law, however, Muslims living in the U.S. have to operate within the confines of the Constitution, which guarantees no foreign or religious legal system can override American laws and freedoms. And Muslims don’t have the numbers to change federal law. 

    But the threat is more nuanced, Sharia watchdogs insist. They worry that as more Muslims are elected to public office, they will increasingly change local ordinances to adhere to Sharia mandates, as they have in the suburbs of Detroit; and even protect Muslims from prosecution for crimes, which has happened in Minneapolis.

    In a recent speech, former National Intelligence Director Tulsi Gabbard said that American Muslims are working to impose “Sharia law” and “Islamic principles” across the country by exploiting the democratic process, specifically citing the cities of Paterson, Dearborn, Minneapolis, and Houston.

    “CAIR issued a call to action to use American legal and political systems to implement Sharia law. This is already under way in places,” she said. “Paterson, N.J., is proud to call themselves the ‘first Muslim city.’ They [Muslim activists] are working to implement, in their own governments, these Islamic principles that are forced on people through the use of laws or violence.” 

    Former FBI agent John Guandolo, who has investigated the radical influence of the Muslim Brotherhood in America, which he says controls the majority of Islamic organizations and mosques in the country, warns that Islamist leaders tied to the Brotherhood are increasingly emboldened and implementing a formula for Islamist political power from coast to coast. He contends American cities are following a pattern seen in the U.K., where Muslim immigrants essentially have taken over at least five whole cities, including Britain’s two largest — London and Birmingham, where Sharia law is encroaching on Western law.

    “England is gone. Conquered. Done,” Guandolo said. “And we are next if we don’t stop their advance.”

 Importing Muslims will lead to sectarian violence. Count on it. 

    “A Literary Map of the United States,” a poster created by Ben Gibson, a design director at Big Think, charts that fascinating relationship between the word and the land on a nationwide level. Stephen King is still there — not just up in Maine (with It, Carrie, and ‘Salem’s Lot), but also in Colorado (The Shining, Misery) and Florida (Duma Key). But so are hundreds of other writers, their works anchored in various ways to other parts of the country.

    There are many ways to read this map: as a peculiar road map of the United States, a potted history of the same, a metatext of American literature, a guide to American literary genres and their centers of gravity, and more. I will get to at least some of them later, but for now, I want to examine the effect that scholars call broadly “imaginative geography,” more precisely “toponymic capture,” and more elegantly “authorial inscription.” It is the process by which a writer’s vision of a place becomes so dominant that it effectively overwrites that place’s prior identity in the public imagination.  

    We could say other parts of America have been “colonized” by other texts the same way King’s horror stories have influenced our perception of Maine. A gentler metaphor, from Rebecca Solnit’s Infinite City, is of cultural and literary memory as an “overlay.” It resides above physical geography like a transparency on an overhead projector, a slightly shifting but persistent presence. 

    In Landmarks, the English nature writer Robert Macfarlane develops the idea that a sufficiently powerful text doesn’t just describe a landscape, but alters the mind that subsequently encounters it. He uses the verb phrase “to see through” to define it: you see the Suffolk coast through W.G. Sebald, the Mississippi through Mark Twain, the South (as a particularly “Gothic” place) through Faulkner.  

    Several such places — literary locations, real and imagined, that have lodged themselves firmly in the mind — stand out on Gibson’s map. The places below have been toponymically captured (or authorially inscribed) to such a degree that it has become all but impossible to think of them in any way except through the works of fiction that brought them to our attention. 

  •  "Companies Hate You"--Wilder Wealthy & Wise. A look at libertarianism and trying to suck that last bit of blood from the average American: John begins:

    In 2018, a Goldman-Sachs© researcher asked the question:  “Is curing patients a sustainable business model?”  This was in relation to what should be considered great news, a company coming up with a one-shot cure for hepatitis C that was over 90% effective.

    Where is the profit in making people better?  As someone who depends on my precious liver to take abuse like a housewife in Egypt every Friday and Saturday night, I’m all in favor of things that keep them healthy.  But it doesn’t make sense to Goldman™, because they’d much rather have me be an income stream forever than solve my problem.

    This is an example of a world where the Libertarian ideals fall apart, precisely because they presume the lowest common denominator when it comes to morality in society.  There are many flaws with Libertarianism, and this, along with optional personal bodily hygiene intervention are two big ones.  I mean, it isn’t a violation of the non-aggression principle to request they replace the mustard-coated shirt, is it?

Sunday, June 21, 2026

Gun & Prepping News #86

 Some links that may be of interest:

The receiver is aluminum with a serialized steel chassis. The barrel is steel, 4.5 inches long, and threaded 1/2×28 for direct suppressor mounting. A thread protector ships standard. The gun includes a full-length Picatinny top rail, M-LOK slots on both sides and the bottom of the handguard, a flat-face single-stage trigger, and an AR-15-compatible grip, which means any standard AR grip drops straight in, a detail Taurus got right.

 VZ58 is incredibly lightweight for what it is; it is more accurate than many AKs and has a bolt hold-open mechanism. But the unfortunate reality is - in the 21st century, VZ 58 faced the same problems as AK. Mounting accessories is hard and requires serious modifications.

    Both the 5.56 NATO and .300 Blackout use the same case. However, the 5.56 NATO utilizes a .224-inch diameter projectile, which is noticeably smaller than the .300 Blackout’s .308-inch bullet.

    At close ranges, .300 Blk offers superior ballistics and higher muzzle energy, whereas 5.56 produces higher velocities and less drop, as well as improved performance at distances past 300 yards. Additionally, .300 Blackout delivers retained terminal performance with short barrels (especially between 8 to 11 inches), and it offers close to a 90 percent increase in frontal area.

    The main determining factors that will affect your decision between the two will likely be your intended engagement distance and the overall cost of ammunition. .300 Blackout ammo can typically be twice as much as comparable 5.56, making volume training much more difficult. However, you may decide that the benefits of the .300 Blk easily justify the increase in cost.

    Today, the .300 Blk has excelled in hunting, defensive, and competitive shooting applications, with a wide variety of manufacturers offering ammunition tailored to specific uses. 

    In American Rifleman's 2025 coverage of the new Federal 7 mm Backcountry cartridge, much of the story wasn't as much about the new chambering as it was about the cartridge case itself, a case that Federal called its "Peak Alloy" design. The single-piece, all-steel cartridge case, in the words of Federal Managing Engineer Jake Burns, "acts as its own mini pressure-containment vessel, absorbing some of the energy without cracking or stretching. That’s part of the case’s ability to manage pressure." Now, that design has moved from a proprietary chambering to the mainstream cartridge world with the introduction of Federal's new 6.5 Creedmoor +Peak.

[snip]

     At the heart of this ammunition revolution is the one-piece Peak Alloy cartridge case design, which Federal says can safely handle chamber pressures of 80,000 psi compared with the SAAMI-MAP of 62,000 psi chamber pressures of similarly configured brass cartridge cases. ...

    The Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane has quietly posted one of the more interesting small arms solicitations in recent memory. The Hypervelocity Improved Capability Assault Rifle program, HICAR for short, is USSOCOM's ask for a carbine that can do something current M4-based platforms simply cannot: reach out past 600 meters with a standard 5.56mm package, without making operators carry anything heavier or bulkier than what they're already running.

    The core problem the government seems to be trying to solve is the range gap. The current URG-I (Upper Receiver Group - Improved), which sits on most SOCOM M4A1 lowers today, is optimized for standard 5.56 NATO and tops out at a practical effective range of around 300 meters. That's fine for a lot of situations, but it leaves a hole on the modern battlefield where adversaries can engage from distances where the round simply runs out of steam. HICAR is meant to close that gap by leveraging next-generation hypervelocity 5.56x45mm ammunition, specifically M855A1+ loaded to 82,000 PSI chamber pressure, a significant step up from standard loads.

The author concludes with this question: "Do you think there is any currently available carbine platform genuinely built to handle sustained fire with ammunition loaded to 82kpsi, or will every vendor need a clean-sheet bolt and barrel design to compete?" Perhaps this is a program that can benefit from the Peak Alloy case. 

When it comes to being comfortable long-term while carrying a handgun, the real culprit is how much your handgun weighs. Having an all-steel or metal-framed firearm can speed up how fast you become fatigued, rather than the overall size of your handgun. Looking at the Glock 43X versus the longer Glock 48 variant, both feel almost identical to carry, with the Glock 48 having a longer barrel than the smaller Glock 43X. Everyone likes to stress about overall size, but the weight of a handgun will make you fatigue and become uncomfortable faster than anything else.  

I can guarantee that if the something the same weight as the 43X or 48 was a foot long, size would matter. 

    According to the report, China has already moved beyond prototypes and into early deployment of a handheld electromagnetic small arm, with adjustable power levels that can range from non-lethal applications up to armor-penetrating capability, including the ability to punch through 10mm steel at 50 meters in high-power mode.

    Performance-wise, it’s pushing 1,000–2,000 rounds per minute, minimal recoil, low noise (around 65 decibels), and no visible muzzle signature, features that would clearly matter in specialized operations. 

  • "Front Line Friday #20: In-Car First Aid and Trauma Kit Configuration"--The Firearm Blog. Aimed at law enforcement, but of obvious interest to preppers, the article describes going beyond the IFAK to something that can be used to treat a number of people, such as victims of a mass shooting or a multiple casualties from auto accidents. As the article explains:

    The issued IFAK solves a specific problem: one officer, one patient, one acute hemorrhage or airway event, immediate intervention. It is sized and configured to be carried on the body, which means the contents list is constrained by what fits on a belt or a vest panel and what an officer can access one-handed under stress. Those constraints are correct for the problem the IFAK is designed to solve. They are the wrong constraints for what a patrol vehicle medical kit needs to do.

    The vehicle kit operates in a different scenario envelope. It is not a backup IFAK. It is a second-tier capability that extends the officer's ability to manage trauma before EMS arrives, support multiple patients, supply arriving officers or bystanders rendering aid, and hand off organized resources to EMS so they can move faster upon arrival on scene. A vehicle kit that is just a larger IFAK is missing the point. A vehicle kit that is organized around that handoff function, stocked for multi-patient scenarios, and configured so items can be located and retrieved in low light and under stress is doing what it is supposed to do.

    CPM stands for counts per minute, but CPM alone is not a universal “safe” or “dangerous” number. It depends on the detector, tube size, calibration, radiation type, distance from the source, and exposure time.

    Still, if your meter uses the example conversion used in this article, 120 CPM ≈ 1 µSv/hr, then 500 CPM ≈ 4.2 µSv/hr, 1000 CPM ≈ 8.3 µSv/hr, 4000 CPM ≈ 33 µSv/hr, and 10000 CPM ≈ 83 µSv/hr. Those readings are elevated compared with typical background dose rates and should be taken seriously, especially if sustained.

The author presents a chart addressing different CPM levels and when it becomes worrisome or dangerous. He also goes into more detail on how radiation exposure is measured, health risks, shielding for different types of radioactive radiation and more. 

  • "How to Maintain and Care for Your Field Jacket So It Lasts for Years"--Propper. Specific instructions for caring for, cleaning, and proper storage of the M65 field jacket. For instance, for storage, the article says to avoid "[p]lastic vacuum bags that crease fabric Damp basements or unventilated closets." Best practice for storage: "For long-term storage in garages or sheds, use a sealed metal container with red cedar shavings. This will keep the insects and rodents away."
  • "VHF vs. UHF Handheld Radios: Which Is Better?"--Modern Survival Blog.  Short answer:

    VHF handheld radios generally have an advantage for longer-distance communication across open outdoor terrain, especially in rural areas and over water. UHF handheld radios generally work better around buildings, inside structures, and in urban environments because their shorter wavelengths are better suited to passing through or around many common obstructions.

    In the woods, there is no universal winner. Forest density, hills, antenna quality, radio height, and line of sight can matter more than the frequency band alone.

    For hiking, hunting, or property communications, the best approach is to understand the general tradeoffs and test both bands in your actual environment.

Saturday, April 25, 2026

RPG Saturday: Aftermath!

 

(Source: Fantasy Games Unlimited)

A couple weeks ago, I mentioned one of the early table-top role playing games that my friends I played when I was a kid was a post-apocalypse RPG called Gamma World. It was fun, but had a rather fantastic setting far in the future with characters and monsters having physical mutations and mental or psychic powers that essentially replaces magic in a traditional fantasy system. But my friends and I were interested in something more realistic and more relatable. Thus I eventually picked up a game entitled  Aftermath! published by Fantasy Games Unlimited. (Also available for sale as a PDF download here). Even after I got rid of most of my RPGs after I got married, this is one that I held on to. Fortunately, this game is still being published, albeit as a single book and not a boxed set

[Note: if you prefer a video to my lengthy written review, I've included a couple videos below that also review or discuss the game]. 

    When I bought it, the box set of the game came with three rule books: (i) "Basic Rules" covering character creation, combat and damage, time and movement, barriers, acid and fire, etc.; (ii) "Survivors of the Aftermath" covering character skills, firearms, explosives, gear and equipment, vehicles, bartering, and survival; and (iii) "The World of the Aftermath" which covers ideas for an Aftermath! campaign including different types of disasters, creating ruined cities and living communities, searching and foraging, hazards of the environment, animals, technology, tactical battles and large scale conflict, and, in a nod to common books and movies about a post-apocalypse world, limited rules on mutations. In addition to the rule books, the game came with a fold out quick reference/game master screen with commonly used tables, a character sheet on card stock suitable for copying, a very short introductory adventure titled "Survive!" and a small cardstock sheet with printed squares of people, tables, and so on, to use used as markers on a board or battle mat.

    The game was authored in the 1980's, and reflects the fears of nuclear war from that time. Although the game contains rules and ideas for alternative settings and disasters, it was written with the assumption of a large scale nuclear war destroying world civilization sometime in the 1990's, and the story for the players (the "campaign") beginning approximately 20 years later: enough time for larger settlements and communities to have sprung up, but short enough that the war would still be fresh in people's memories and, more importantly for purposes of the game, there would be plenty of opportunities to scavenge equipment and materials from the ruins. Nevertheless, the rules also provided ideas for what they termed the "200 years after" campaign where the destruction from the war was much greater and it has started to shift from history to legend. Alternatively, it would be easy to change the game setting to something immediately following an apocalyptic event--or even starting slightly before an apocalypse such as in the novel Lucifer's Hammer

    All role-playing games are a "model" of the real world to a greater or lessor extent. What set Aftermath! apart from other role-playing games was its attempt to be as realistic and accurate as possible within the confines of a role-playing game. In that regard, it attempts to accurately model the accuracy and lethality of firearms, the impact of disease and starvation, character development, and even the technology. On the latter point, there are certain concessions in order to make the game more interesting. First, because the "apocalypse" was to take place a decade or more in the future from the time the game was made, the authors made certain assumptions or predictions as to what technology would be like, including a few that they freely admit were to make the game more dramatic: they postulated advances in robotics and computers that, for the most part, still lie in the realm of science fiction; they postulated the development of preservation techniques that would allow food and equipment to be still salvageable 20 years later; they include some miracle medicines; and they postulated dramatic increases in the availability and use of solar power to, in effect, make electricity "salvageable". 

    For those interested in "space opera" or "fantasy" elements, they provided pointers for disasters that might encompass those elements--an alien invasion, high tech elements, or a disaster caused by magic and fantasy monsters returning--and they try to include rules to cover some of the popular post-apocalypse books and movies extant at the time. Moreover, there are rules for mutations, and science fiction devices like laser weapons, science fiction type armor, and robots, if you want a more futuristic setting.  

    There are also rules on diseases and poisons (addressing even different vectors for diseases), the strength of barriers (even recognizing the difference between cover and concealment), extremely detailed rules on firearms (including step-by-step on how to load a black powder muzzle loading arm), explosives and fragmentation, vehicles and accidents, food and water, and electricity and technology. (While I haven't read it, there apparently was a supplement to update the technology which was published in 2008).

    Just a couple examples on some of the details that were put into the game. In a section on animals, it includes a list of the "usefulness of animals" including a percentage of mass that is edible (e.g., 75% for a cockroach versus 33% for a human), the number of "man-days" of rations, and chance of contamination. I don't know how accurate the table is, but it shows that the authors put a lot of effort and thought into the details. It also has details on the effect of nuclear weapons (including health effects from certain levels of radiation exposure--200 REM, 500 REM, 750 REM, and 1000 REM) and chemical weapons. It has rules on hunting, gathering, bartering, and foraging and scavenging.

    Of course, some of the details could be dangerous to someone relying on them. For instance, the rules notes the following about ammonium nitrate explosives:

The fertlizer is sold in 25 kg sacks, which should be soaked in kerosene (kerosene is not the correct material) and allowed to dry. Use of a fulminating primer (see below) will set it off. Extreme heat will cause it to ignite and burn, but not explosively. It is otherwise completely stable. 
A simple chemical treatment with a substance so common we are not really sure we should mention it will turn any ammoniated nitrate fertilizer into a very efficient explosive.
(Emphasis in original). A couple obvious problems, one not dangerous, but the other definitely so.

    First, the authors do not mention that the fertilizer prills are larger and have thicker coatings which make it better for fertilizer but less effective for explosives. (Thus the reason why the British in Northern Ireland used the sound of coffee grinders to track down explosives labs). Of course, they can't be blamed for holding this detail back since the game was marketed to kids and we obviously don't want kids trying to mix up a recipe like this.

    The second major problem is actually more dangerous--stating that kerosene won't work--because it can. The Atlas book on Explosives and Rock Blasting states:
In the early 1950s, it was discovered that No. 2 diesel fuel oil, when mixed with prills at the level of 5.5 - 6.0% by weight, produced a practical and inexpensive blasting agent. This optimum ratio provides the best explosive performance and fewest postblast toxic fumes. (It is important to stress that only No. 2 fuel oil should be used. No. 1 fuel oil, kerosene, and gasoline must not be used. These fuels will not improve performance. However, these fuels will increase the hazard of vapor explosion because of their volatility and low flash point. The use of crude or crankcase oil is also unacceptable  These, too, may contain volatile impurities and may also include gritty particles that could increase sensitivity.)

(Emphasis in original). Why should this matter? Well, as noted, the game was marketed to teens, and I'm sure that there is some teen, somewhere, that may give it a go notwithstanding the instructions that kerosene is the wrong ingredient, and actually wind up with something more likely to spontaneously detonate than if they had used the right ingredients.

 

The first page of the two page flow chart on the combat rules.

The downside to all of the detail and attempt to be realistic is that the rules are complicated. For instance, the combat rules are so complicated that the authors included a two-page flowchart to help the game master and players. Frankly, this game really needs to have some aspects set into a spreadsheet or computer program. But as I was putting this review together, I discovered that some of this has been done for those interested. The publisher, FGU, offers a computerized character generator for $19.95; and this website appears to offer some automated tools as well. 



 


     There were also various adventures and settings written for the game. For instance, the two I purchased (the covers shown above) are set in Australia. The first is an adventure where the characters were volunteers for a cryogenic sleep experiment that wake up 20 years after a world war and an invasion of Australia. There are a lot of science fiction elements to this adventure, including armed robots. 

    The second book is a campaign setting rather than a particular adventure, detailing the Sydney, Australia, area with an explanation of different parts of the city and environs as well as fictional settlements and factions that have sprung up among the survivors. And for those who are fans of the move, Omega Man, the supplement includes the "vampires" from that movie. 

    There were other adventures and settings created, including one setting of the Chicago area. 

    The downside of this game is that it is often too complicated and, therefore, too slow. We often abandoned much of the combat rules. The authors of the game did so as well: they subsequently came out with a couple of games using the same basic system, but with simplified rules (Bushido an adventure game set in medieval Japan and Daredevils which was a 1930s pulp adventure game with an Indiana Jones vibe). But if you wanted something that could potentially model a post-apocalypse world, this would be one of the best for that purpose. Frankly, though, if I were to try and use this game again, I would use this rule set mostly as a reference and use a somewhat simpler character and combat rules like those from Merc, which I reviewed last week.

    Here are a couple of video reviews of the game as well.

 VIDEO: "Aftermath! (Fantasy Games Unlimited, 1981) – The Most Complex Post-Holocaust RPG Ever? | Retro RPG" -- RPGGamer (24 min.)

 

VIDEO: "1. GM's Guide: Why the Aftermath! TTRPG"
Marv Conn (18 min.)

Friday, November 14, 2025

MIRA Safety: How To Survive A Nuclear Attack

I came across an article from MIRA Safety about "Before, During, After: How To Survive a Nuclear Attack." The article addresses topics such as:

  • Understanding fallout and its effects.
  • How to survive the first 72 hours after an attack (the period of time when radiation from fallout will be at its worst).
  • Additional tips on preparing for an attack including NBC gear (of course, they want you to buy their equipment) and using iodine tablets. 
  • A list of FAQ.
It's not Kearny's book, Nuclear War Survival Skills, but it is some basics to start you out.  

Sunday, November 9, 2025

Gun & Prepping News #54

 Just some gun and prepping related links that I thought interesting or useful:  

  •  "The Intermediate Range AR-15"--Shooting Illustrated. Advice for setting up an AR for distances between 100 and 500 yards. Mostly, this is having a LPVO with sufficient magnification for the distances you are shooting. The author's impetus was having been at a competition with a 1x optic and 3x magnifier and not being able to verify his target (a clay pigeon) at 300 yards. 
  • "What Are HBAR Barrels? The Ultimate Guide to Precision & Performance"--KAK Industries Blog. The key benefits of heavy barrels are listed as: (i) increased accuracy and consistency due to its rigid construction; (ii) better heat dissipation; (iii) reduced barrel whip; and (iv) improved recoil management due to the greater mass helping absorb recoil. 
  • ".270 vs. .30-06"--Sports Afield.  A comparison between the two. The author indicates that both are great for North American game, but leans toward the .270 if you are primarily deer hunting due to its lighter recoil and flatter trajectory. For hunting in Africa (something unlikely for most hunters) he recommends the .30-06 for its greater versatility. 
  • "If All You Have Is A Hammer, Everything Looks Like A Nail" by Steve Moses, Snub Noir. An excerpt:

Multiple individuals have been incarcerated as a result of using or threatening to use a handgun when accosted by a  person with actual or potential bad intentions when other options might have been available. Armed defenders should know their state’s laws regarding the use of deadly force. There are at least three basic elements in play:

  •  Ability: Does the person (or persons) have the physical means to seriously injure or kill me right now?
  •  Opportunity: Is the person close enough or otherwise in a position to utilize those abilities right now?
  •  Intent [aka, Jeopardy]: Does that same person intend to seriously injure or kill me right now?

A deadly force response is never warranted if any one of those three elements is lacking. A major problem for armed defenders is that in some instances the intent to seriously injure or kill is either absent or hidden, or the other person simply lacks the physical ability at that time to seriously injure or kill another person. That is often the case with intoxicated or otherwise mentally impaired persons.  If words alone are not enough force and a handgun is too much, then carrying tools that can bridge that gap make good sense. Two tools that might meet that criteria are Pepper Spray and small impact weapons like saps and blackjacks.   

     Flashlights aren’t just for seeing inside cars and houses. Lights are important for navigation and even communication between teams. They can be used to surprise, intimidate, control, distract, and deceive the enemy. 

    It can temporarily shut down a person’s will to fight. If you’ve ever had 2,000 lumens in your eyeballs in a previously-darkened room, you’ll know what I mean. 

 As to the question in the title, the author notes that the size and bulk of a WML on a handgun makes it less likely that he will carry that weapon; handheld lights usually don't cause legal problems (e.g., needlessly and, potentially, unlawfully displaying your weapon); and handheld lights give you more tactical flexibility (e.g., not turning every situation where you need a light into a situation where you draw your weapon). The advantages he mentions as to WML is that it is a "one package" deal lending to quicker deployment when you do need to use the weapon. 

When it comes to carrying a concealed handgun, less truly is more and if you carry more than the bare minimum, it's wasted energy in most cases. I’ve certainly been there where I was carrying two flashlights along with a small utility knife as well as a larger knife for self-defense on top of my main carry gun and extra magazines. I felt like my pants were a boat anchor and it just became a lot to the point where I wanted to leave the house without anything. The simple truth is, you need a small handgun to start out with basically nothing else besides a good holster.   

Also:

 Modern pistols have more capacity than they did in the past, so the idea that you need multiple magazines is just not true. You can certainly carry multiple items in your vehicle with a tier-based system, but not everything should end up on your body. Everything non-essential or a backup item should either go into a backpack or into your vehicle rather than being shoved in your pockets or somewhere on your body.  

I can hear people already tapping on the keyboard about needing extra magazine because what if you have damaged feed lips. I don't know about the author to this piece, but my retort would be to ask how your magazine lips would be damaged if they are sitting in the weapon? If you are using your carry magazines for reloading practice or competition where they are going to be dropped on the ground or a concrete floor, you are being foolish. Use a dedicated set of magazines for that type of practice.

  • "AK Loyalists Won’t Admit It, but the Platform Might Be Finished in America"--Ammo Land. This article is commentary on a YouTube video by the Trench Grenade channel entitled "The American AK Experiment Has Failed." The gist of the article is that historically, the reason for picking an AK over an AR was the low price of AKs and the ammo to shoot it. But that is no longer the case. For instance, the 7.62x39 is now averaging 58 cents per round versus 39 - 40 cents per round for 5.56 and 70 cents for .308; and 5.45x39, it notes, is essentially "dead" in the U.S. 
  • "Ayoob Files: Murder or Self-Defense?"--American Handgunner. An analysis of the killing of John Stompanato by Cheryl Crane, age 14, the daughter of Lana Turner. Not only is this article of interest from a historical or "true crime" perspective, but also a good review of the elements of a self-defense case and some lessons on what not to do after a self-defense killing. 
  • "Let Us Spray"--Sports Afield. Advice on bear spray. An excerpt:

    With a bear charging all out, you might need to hit the trigger button when the animal is at the fifty- to sixty-foot mark, so it collides with the aerosolized spray at about thirty feet. This socks the bear with a full dose of irritant but also gives it time to react, veer off, and hopefully run away. With a bear that charges from closer in, thirty feet or less, shoot immediately and continuously, being sure to tip the canister nozzle slightly downward, avoiding mistake number two, which is pointing the nozzle (or letting spray “recoil” tip it) upward, sending the cloud too high, over the bear’s head. You want to spray in front of the bear’s face, not on its back. 

    An important side note here: If you are carrying a rifle in the traditional slung position, and a bear bursts toward you at close range, you’re probably better off using your spray–hitting the button in the holster–than trying to unsling the gun, lift it to shooting position, aim, and fire. But if you are carrying a loaded rifle in a ready or near-ready two-handed position, and a bear suddenly rushes you and keeps coming, point/aim the rifle while clicking off the safety and shoot! Anyone who expects a hunter to put aside or drop a firearm to reach for bear spray has no sense of the reality of these situations.  

  • From Survival Blog: "A Top-10 Prepping List, Multi-Tool Not Included by St. Funogas" (Part 1) (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4) (Part 5). The author explains:

     This list is based on the following premises:

1. This is a TEOTWAWKI list
2. TEOTWAWKI is a long-term grid-down event, not a short-term natural or man-made disaster
3. It doesn’t include items we should already have on hand for everyday life
4. The federal government (military) won’t be coming to the rescue. Per the DOD’s own reports, without electricity they’ll be just as far up the creek as the rest of us
5. TEOTWAWKI survival is not wilderness survival

    This article takes into account the need for long-term sustainable ways to live the best lifestyle possible once we get to the New Normal stage, not just the short-term emergency phase or the maximum 6-month-long roving-hordes stages.

    Much of this list won’t apply to urban and suburban preppers since they’ll have virtually no chance of surviving in place. The #1 item on their list should be either acquiring real estate in a rural area (yes, it’s not cheap but as mentioned, this is a TEOTWAWKI prepping list), or for those unable to do so, having a bug-out location on a family or friend’s acreage in a rural area.

 Part 1 covers water and food; Part 2 covers woodstoves (and a cordless chainsaw for cutting the wood), and guns and ammo; Part 3 covers the toilet, and a cook stove; Part 4 goes over options for producing electricity and a thumb drive to store books and other references; and Part 5 goes over clothing (including supplies on cleaning them) and a gasoline powered generator. Part 5 also goes over a few things that the author assumes that you already have on hand, like some small tools and medical supplies. 

Wednesday, February 19, 2025

Gun & Prepping News #20

 Just some articles that caught my attention for one reason or another: 

  • First up, Jon Low has a new Defensive Pistolcraft newsletter that you should check out.  Jon includes a lengthy excerpt from Gabe Suarez on why super fast split times are not that important and might actually be detrimental in a gun fight. I like to think of it like driving too fast at night where you are actually "outrunning your headlights"--driving so fast that you cannot perceive let alone react to something that comes within the range of your headlights. In this regard, Jon quotes Suarez as follows:

In my experience, street gunfighting performance doesn’t benefit from lightning fast split times and focusing on them may detract from success.  A student that is focusing on getting the predetermined number of rounds out of his pistol, ostensibly as fast as possible, is not able to read what his adversary is doing (notice I didn’t say “target”) and adapt.  Shooting at the precipice of failure requires mental focus on staying on the trigger and the sights to the exclusion of everything else.  And therein lies the problem. 

Suarez also notes that the speed shooting impairs accuracy. 

     Now because we are not advocating lightning fast shooting and lighting split times does not mean we are advocating being slow.  Read that again if you didn’t get it the first time.  But I am advocating heavily for accuracy over speed.  

     The other matter is that the focus on sub .20/.25 split times require both the shooter and the target to be in fixed points and stationary.  And those of us who’ve done this for real as well as watched videos of real fights know that is extremely unlikely.  If you stand still at such intervals, you will either get shot, or both of you get shot.  When everyone is moving those split times hover as long as .50, and that is just fine.  

     So my opinion on split times - ignore them as they are irrelevant for street fighting.  Focus on perfect accuracy and physical smoothness and you will develop the skills to win the street gunfight with confidence and grace.  

On a completely different subject, Jon includes a lengthy excerpt from a discussion on electronic warfare in the Ukraine conflict used to protect infantry from drones. 

For all the technological progress, war is circling back to its comfort zone:  infantry battles.  You’ll see a difference today, of course.  The infantryman moving on the battlefield in 2025 is more likely than not to be carrying bulky tech-laden contraptions strapped to his back.  These electronic-warfare boxes, equipped with cooling fans, batteries and protruding aerials, are modern-day flak jackets.  Without them, soldiers would be defenceless against the drones that hover and hunt from above.  Similar arrays of mushroom-like boxes and aerials stick out from the roofs of any vehicle approaching the front lines.  

It is a counter-point to an essay I saw yesterday arguing that the era of the infantry is over because of drones. 

    In any event, Jon has many more tips, links, advice, and so on, so be sure to check it out.

  • "Fudd Friday: Bring Back Pump-Action Rifles"--The Firearm Blog. Since the successful designs seem to be built off of or modeled on shotgun actions, it shouldn't be too hard. The advantage is a fast and fairly compact action for a woods rifle compared to using a semi-auto; and you don't have to break your shooting hand grip to cycle the action as with a lever action. The article doesn't discuss the disadvantages, but I've read from other sources that the actions can loosen up over time depending on the amount of shooting and the power of the round. 
  • "The Best Two .380 Carry Loads?"--Firearms News. The author recommends the 99-grain Federal Tactical HST load ("which," he notes, "is the load which will pass the FBI Ammunition Protocol") and the 60-grain Black Hills HoneyBadger. The author clarifies:

When I write “passes the FBI Protocol”, know that I mean the bullet will penetrate ballistic gel blocks a minimum of twelve inches, whether you’re shooting them into bare gel blocks, blocks covered with the FBI standard “heavy clothing”, or through various barriers (plywood, drywall, sheet metal, auto glass) into the gel blocks. 

The HST Micro also seems to do well in the tests I've watched, although it has a lower velocity than the Tactical loading. The Tools & Targets YouTube channel has done quite a few gel tests of .380 ammo, using both a full sized .380 and pocket sized .380s if this is a topic that interests you. (He tests a lot of other handgun calibers and loads, too).

  • "A 25 Round Shotgun Practice Routine"--That Shotgun Blog. Since most shotgun shells are sold in 25-round boxes, the author developed a series of defensive shotgun drills that, together, use 25 rounds. The author has linked to videos illustrating a couple of the drills.
  • "Tips & Techniques: A Speedloader For .22s"--American Rifleman. For those who have to singly load shells into a .22 rifle or revolver, the author suggests using the magazine for an M1911-style .22 Long Rifle pistol as a way to carry spare ammo in the field. "The slim magazine can be conveniently carried in a pouch or pocket, with the rounds protected, and individual cartridges can be thumbed into a single-shot chamber, the magazine tube of a rifle or the loading gate of a single-action rimfire revolver," the author writes, adding: "Many popular rimfire pistol magazines do not lend themselves to easily thumbing the top round out into a tube or cylinder, but I have found the M1911 conversion magazines to be ideal." He recommends the 14-round ProMag magazines.
  • "Shots Fired with GLOCK-Aimpoint"--The Tactical Wire. Years ago, Glock had adopted the Shield RMSc footprint as the standard for mounting optics to its handguns. But Glock apparently partnered with Aimpoint to develop a new proprietary mounting method where the optic housing "noses into the front slide cut, drops into the slide cut and it’s retained by a non-optic rear sight that has a clamping ledge," tightened down with a pair of screws. In other words, because it is wedged in under slanted cuts in the slide, the slide bears most of the force upon recoil rather than a set of screws as with standard mounting cuts. The question I have is how common is it for the mounting screws of a pistol sight to shear off?
  • "Senior Citizen Handguns"--Guns Magazine. The author has some suggestions for those with impaired hand strength and dexterity, such as those suffering from arthritis, on issues such as recoil (e.g., switching from a .45 to a 9mm), weight (selecting a light weight revolver like the Ruger LCR), and some suggestions as to different sights (e.g., Advantage Tactical sights or an optic) and methods of carry (e.g., moving from a strong side carry behind the hip to a cross-draw or using a different type of shoulder holster). 
  • "Learn About Body Armor"--Shooting Illustrated. Basically just an overview of the advantages to body armor and changing public perception toward civilian ownership and use of body armor.
  • "Soft Loops for Fixed Blade EDC"--Jerking The Trigger.  The author writes: "Soft Loops, especially those with Pull-the-Dot snaps, are an oft-forgotten and VERY underrated way to carry small to medium-sized EDC fixed blades" as it allows the author to "move the knife to my belt, freeing up space in my pockets or on my waistband for other tools." 
There are also other great upsides to soft loops. They are compatible with almost any sheath as long as it has a single rivet or hole that can accept a Chicago screw and is narrow enough to wrap the loop. They can also be used as dangling belt loops for larger knives. They last pretty much forever as long as they have real Pull-the-Dot snaps. 
  • "Preview: Lunatec Mist, Shower & Drink Bundle"--American Rifleman. A camping/hiking water bottle that can be pressurized and sprayed through a hose and nozzle to help with cleanup and personal hygiene. It comes in three sizes: 750 ml, 1000 ml, and 1,500 ml.
  • "Portable Propane Heaters"--Blue Collar Prepping. A review of the Mr. Heater Portable Buddy Heater for use in camping. 
  • "Best Manual Hand Crank Grain Mill Choices versus Budget"--Modern Survival Blog. The author gives his recommendations for hand cranked grain mills--an expensive option (roughly $600), a medium priced option (roughly $300) and a more budget friendly version (about $100 or so)--as well as an electric grain mill.
  • "6 Uphill Hiking Tips to Prevent Your Legs From Turning Into Jelly"--Popular Science (via Get Pocket). The tips are: (i) take a trail using switchbacks over a straight trail; (ii) take shorter steps; (iii) use trekking poles; (iv) take a break when you need it instead of pushing yourself too hard; (v) don't forget to eat; and (vi) train for your hike by practicing on real hills or, at least, a step machine. 
  • "The 12 Best Pocket Knives, According to Our Editors"--Field & Stream. Some different options, some of which you may not have considered before. The article discusses the general criteria they used and provides advice on what you might want to consider when picking out a knife for yourself. 
  • "The Best Walkie Talkies of 2025, Tested and Reviewed"--Outdoor Life. Short version:
  •     Best Overall: Oxbow Gear Renegade 2.0
  •     Best Long Range: Rocky Talkie 5 Watt
  •     Best Value: BAOFENG GT-18
  •     Best for Emergencies: Cobra RX680
  •     Best for Kids: Moico
  •     Best for Hiking: Rocky Talkie Mountain Radio

    Every populated city on the East Coast, Midwest, West Coast and South could be targeted, killing up to 250 million Americans - about 75 percent of the country's population, according to the map.

    Parts of California, most of the East Coast and regions in the Midwest would experience severe fallout, radioactive debris that falls to the ground, forcing them to shelter in place for more than three weeks to survive.

    Only Western Texas, parts of Nevada, Michigan and Wisconsin would avoid being instantly obliterated on impact.

The far northern California, far southern Oregon area still looks pretty good. Most of California, however, looks like it will become dead lands.

Thursday, December 12, 2024

Newsweek: Fallout Map

Newsweek recently published an article entitled "Map Shows Safest US States to Live During Nuclear War" with the following graphic:

Before you get excited because you live on the West Coast, I would note that the fallout pattern is only modeled on attacks against the major ICBM fields in Montana, North Dakota and Nebraska, but doesn't include any other targets. Of course, in a nuclear war, there would be a great number of other military and civilian targets and you would want to consider possible fallout from those areas. For instance, for me living in Southwest Idaho, I would be concerned of attacks on the naval yard and submarine pens in Bremerton, WA, as well as McCord and Fairchild AFBs in Washington, Mountain Home AFB in Idaho, and Hill AFB in Utah. And, of course, California is chock full of military installations that would be hit, including Naval Base San Diego, Edwards AFB, and Vandenburg AFB, among others. Nevada has a few, not the least of which is Nellis AFB. While it is less likely that Southwest Idaho would get fallout from those targets in California and Nevada, it is possible. 

    That said, the ICBM fields would probably have the greatest intensity of ground burst attacks and so would produce the greatest amount of fallout.

Friday, August 30, 2024

Some Weekend Reading

Active Response Training has released a new Weekend Knowledge Dump. A few things that jumped out at me.

  • First, he links to where you can download a free PDF of Stephen Wenger's 3rd Edition of Defensive Use of Firearms. There is also information on ordering a print copy of the book.
  • Next up is a link to a PDF of a trauma guideline entitled "Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Injury Response Part 3: Medical Management of Radiation Exposure and Nuclear Events."
  • An article from  W. Hock Hochheim on "Home Invaders At My Home!" He includes a good anecdote of when he and his wife were almost the victims of a home invasion, and also goes over the three most common types or tactics of home invasion. 
The only issues I had with the article was Hock's terminology that he defined at the beginning of the article. I'm sure that he intended it to make clear what he was talking about, but he did not use the common definitions of the terms; and I believe it would just add confusion down the road if someone were to adopt his definition of the terms and later used those terms and definitions when interacting with a police officer or prosecutor in describing the crime. 
 
The main issue I had was that he defined "burglary" as "[w]hen your residence or business is broken into and no one is at home or work, that is just a burglary NOT a robbery. Robbery is different." This is completely wrong. Burglary is entering an occupied building with the intent to commit a felony. In some jurisdictions it may only apply to residences, but I believe most jurisdictions extend it to include businesses or commercial buildings as well. Conversely, breaking into an unoccupied building would be breaking and entering. Also note that burglary is a separate crime from the theft, robbery, assault, kidnapping, murder, etc., that a criminal might do after entering the building. Finally, I would point out that robbery is theft accomplished by the use or threat of force (whether armed or unarmed) and does not require entry into a building--you can be robbed on a sidewalk or in a parking lot, for instance. Obviously, these are just common definitions and there might be differences between these and the specific legal elements required by a particular jurisdiction, so check you state and local laws if you want to know the elements or definitions used in a particular jurisdiction.
  • An article on "Low Light Concerns – Normal Human Beings," which addresses the needs of a normal person (rather than law enforcement or military) for weapon mounted lights. As to incidents outside the home, the author notes that Tom Givens (Rangemaster Firearms Training Services), who has kept track of his students' armed force encounters, found that none of his students needed any sort of light because the incidents in which they were involved were almost all robberies--i.e., there was always some light because the criminal also needed the light to pick out and approach his targets. Turning to inside the home, the author turns to Claude Werner (The Tactical Professor) who keeps track of incidents of mistaken identity shooting; and while Werner recommends a light of some sort, he insists it should be a separate handheld light, not a weapon mounted light.
  • An article entitled "Murder as measuring stick" that delves into the problem with using murder as a proxy for overall violent crime. The issue isn't over the short term, but over the long term as advances in medicine and the widespread use of cell phones to call emergency services has resulted in far fewer deaths relative to the number of incidents of violent crime. Thus, comparing murder rates between now and, say, the 1960s as a proxy of violent crime in the 1960s would be inappropriate. And it would be worse the longer the time scale. (Although he doesn't mention the book, I wonder if this is meant as a criticism of the methodology used by the author of The Better Angels of Our Nature, who used murders as proxies for violence in past centuries). The author notes, for instance (footnote omitted):

Taking this into account, I would estimate that a murder today represents 4-5 times as much crime and disorder as a murder in 1960, and probably 10 times as much as a medieval murder, with the early 20th century somewhere in between. As such, today’s murder rate being comparable to that of 1960 represents a colossal failure of justice, with overall crime and disorder being several times higher than it was two generations ago.  

Using murder as a proxy for violent crime also fails when comparing between cultures. Again, by way of example, although the U.S. has a much higher murder rate than other industrialized countries (although I would note that this is only when considering the largest population counties), the article points out:

But international victim surveys with a consistent methodology show the US to have similar overall crime rates as Canada or Europe. The major reasons for the high American murder rate are probably Americans using highly-lethal guns (rather than knives or fists) and blacks (who are responsible for more than half of US murders) being more likely to commit impulsive murders rather than property crimes.

  • Finally, Greg links to the "Before Mace, a Hatpin Was an Unescorted Lady’s Best Defense" article I had posted about a few days ago.

Monday, April 15, 2024

Step-by-Step Guide To Surviving A Nuclear Attack

 A couple weeks ago, writing about Israel's attack on the Iranian consulate in Syria, I warned that the intention of the attack was to provoke Iran to respond with an attack against Israel and, thereby, give Israel the excuse to broaden the war and, perhaps, even drag the United States into the conflict. 

    While we may not know the intent of Israel's attack, it had the predicted result as we saw this weekend with Iran launching as many of 170 drones, of which 70 to 80 were shot down by U.S. aircraft operating out of air bases in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.  Some 30 cruise missiles and 120 ballistic missiles were also launched from Iran. The Israeli Defense Forces claim that none of the drones or cruise missiles made it to Israeli territory and all but 5 of the ballistic missiles were shot down by U.S. or Israeli forces. 

    Four missiles hit Israel's Nevatim Air Base, where Israeli F-35s are based, the U.S. officials said, adding this base was likely Iran's primary target, as it was believed to have been an Israeli F-35 that carried out a deadly strike on an Iranian consulate in Syria's capital on April 1. 

* * *

    The IDF said several other launches were made from Yemen and Iraq, but none of those weapons  crossed into Israeli territory. Dozens of rockets were also fired from Lebanon toward northern Israel early Sunday morning, and Israel carried out airstrikes against Hezbollah targets across Lebanon. 

 As CNN notes, "it was an operation that seemed designed to fail — when Iran launched its killer drones from its own territory some 1,000 miles away, it was giving Israel hours of advance notice."

The symbolism of the attack did the heavy lifting. Rather than fire from one of the neighboring countries where Iran and its non-state allies are present, this was a direct attack from Iranian territory on Israeli territory. This compromised Iran’s ability to damage Israel because it robbed the operation of the element of surprise.

Moreover, "[o]nly a small handful of locations were attacked, including a military base and an area in the Negev desert, injuring a Bedouin child, while the [iron] dome fended off one of the largest drone attacks in history." Israel, nevertheless, has vowed to respond

    Iran, as we are constantly told, is on the verge of developing or manufacturing nuclear weapons, while Israel likely has hundreds of nuclear weapons; and, if certain Israeli politicians and military leaders are to be believed, at least some of these are aimed at Western capitals "to take the world down with us [i.e., Israel]" should Israel face an existential military loss. Something termed "the Sampson Option." As one Jewish scholar stated:

What would serve the Jew-hating world better in repayment for thousands of years of massacres but a Nuclear Winter. Or invite all those tut-tutting European statesmen and peace activists to join us in the ovens? For the first time in history, a people facing extermination while the world either cackles or looks away—unlike the Armenians, Tibetans, World War II European Jews or Rwandans—have the power to destroy the world. The ultimate justice?

Thus there is a non-zero chance that this situation could escalate to a nuclear exchange; one which could result in Israel striking out at Western countries in a final act of retribution against humanity. 

    So with that long introduction out of the way, it is perhaps timely that the Daily Mail ran an article on "The experts' step-by-step guide to surviving a nuclear attack: How to stop your skin melting, why to keep your mouth open so your eardrums don't burst, use soap [sic: shampoo] but not conditioner, and what you REALLY need after the blast..." The article is aimed at a British audience, so references to locations are those in the U.K., and the article assumes private residences using brick or cement blocks instead of the wood frame construction common to the U.S. 

    The article explains:

The first thing to make clear: you can't outrun a nuclear bomb. As newsreader Peter Donaldson warned in his Cold War-era message on behalf of the BBC in the event of a nuclear attack: 'Remember, there is nothing to be gained by trying to get away.'

Also, you may have only a few minutes warning, and the nuclear weapons likely to be used by a power such as Russia will probably have a yield of 1 megaton. 

    According to modelling by the website NukeMap, a single bomb on this scale would likely kill everyone and destroy all buildings within a 1.4 mile 'heavy blast radius.

    As far as seven miles from the impact zone, anyone outdoors can expect third-degree burns, with exposed limbs requiring amputation.

So you must find "suitable shelter".

... Your best option is the basement of a large, multi-storey concrete building with as few windows as possible — these will shatter within seconds of impact.

    If you have no access to a basement or underground car park, head for the most structurally integral point in a building, such as the central staircase in a block of flats, away from exterior walls.

    The greater the density of material you can put between yourself and the blast, the better your chance of survival.

    A lead-lined bunker is the ideal — but not possible for most. In the 1980 Government pamphlet Protect And Survive, families were urged to bundle themselves into kitchen cupboards in their homes. This theory remains sound.

    Avoid hunkering down in a timber structure such as a shed. This would be like seeking safety in a bonfire. Stay away from long corridors and hallways, too, which will only serve as wind tunnels for the imminent 'pressure wave'.

    Keep away from tall furniture such as wardrobes, as these will likely topple. Lie face down, with your arms and hands tucked under your body. The United States Centre for Disease and Control Prevention advises this as the best position to shield exposed skin from the oncoming 'thermal pulse' (a blast of heat energy).

    When the bomb hits, the first thing you'll notice from your position on the floor is a dazzling burst of light. In clear weather, this 'atomic flash' can permanently blind someone 10 miles away, burning through their retinas.

    At night, when our pupils are dilated, the 'blinding radius' is even greater. Do not look up. Shortly after the first flash, a second one will appear as light previously trapped behind the bomb's 'shockwave' escapes.

    Within ten seconds of impact, a fireball 5,700ft across, with a temperature five times hotter than the sun's core (which is 15 million degrees Celsius) will roar across the landscape. As it rises rapidly, it forms into a terrifying mushroom cloud. Then you can expect the pressure wave — an unstoppable battering ram of highly compressed air travelling at 784mph, faster than the speed of sound. Irwin Redlener, an American expert in public health and disaster response, advises keeping your mouth open 'so your eardrums don't burst' as a result of the sudden increase in pressure.

    The thermal pulse will ignite any flammable materials within several miles of Ground Zero, including dry leaves, curtains, newspapers and clothes.

    Wearing pale colours will reduce the risk of your own clothes catching fire, as they will reflect rather than absorb this heat.

    Within ten to 12 minutes, lethal radioactive debris known as 'fallout' will begin to rain down from the sky like a sandstorm.

    It's time to make a decision: stay put and trust in the integrity of your shelter, or make a break for it, hoping to escape the fallout zone — which could stretch as far as 250 miles from the blast.

    In all but the most extreme circumstances, it's best, as the Government recommends in its current official slogan, to: 'Go in. Stay in. Tune in.'

    If you have an electric car, this will be useless due to the electromagnetic pulses (EMP) — sharp bursts of electricity — emitted by the bomb, which have caused voltage surges and destroyed components. In any case, few roads will be passable and cars for several miles from Ground Zero are just scraps of charred metal.

    But if you do decide to flee, travel upwind to avoid being chased by the fallout cloud.

    If your upwind course takes you towards Ground Zero, travel cross-wind instead.

    High doses of radiation melt the body from the inside. Vomiting begins within 30 minutes of exposure and is followed by diarrhoea and loss of consciousness. Death can take just hours.

    At lower doses, symptoms of radiation poisoning include severe weight loss, internal bleeding, hair loss, hypotension (low blood pressure) and total loss of bowel control. Terminal cancers such as leukaemia may develop.

    You must therefore try to prevent radioactive material from entering your lungs.

    Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth or ideally a P2-grade face mask. Breathe through your nose: mucus-covered nasal hairs are capable of filtering 95 per cent of foreign particles exceeding five micrometers in diameter (0.005mm). Wear glasses or goggles. Stick cotton wool in your ears and cover any open wounds.

    If you remain in your shelter, try to ensure it is as secure as possible. Seal off any units — such as air conditioning and fireplaces — that let in air from the outside. This is your home now. Place mattresses against shattered windows and cover door frame gaps with gaffer tape.

    Do not go looking for loved ones or pets. Buildings have been destroyed, corpses litter the roads. Going outside will inevitably end in panic, disorientation and death.

    Anyone who hopes to join you in your shelter must decontaminate. Nobody can touch them or their clothes until they've washed, ideally with warm water and soap.

    Check their body for third-degree burns: the nerves beneath their skin may have been destroyed, rendering the wounds painless. Shampoo should be used to clean hair, but under no circumstances use conditioner. According to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency, conditioner contains compounds known as 'cationic surfactants' that trap and bind radioactive particles to the scalp. For the same reason, do not use any body lotions, creams or moisturisers.

    Use a damp cloth to wipe inside your ears and across your eyelids, where radioactive dust can settle. Scrub under your fingernails, making sure not to break or damage the skin. Gently blow your nose. Place any used towels, cloths and clothes into a bin bag: seal this and place it out of reach.

    Burns should be covered with a dry dressing and left unchanged for at least a week. Remember to breathe: adrenaline is your friend, but panic at this time could be fatal. ...

 And, ironically given the intended U.K. audience, the article advises: "You may want to arm yourself with knives, machetes and bludgeons for protection if you venture out — and a gun if you have one. Do not rely on the police or army to maintain order: the only currency from now on is likely to be brute strength."

    Power lines, phone masts and internet cables will likely be useless. If you have access to a battery-powered radio, tune it to any frequency with signal.

    Survivalist Cresson H. Kearny's 1986 guide to surviving a nuclear war urged people to 'listen only periodically' and preserve battery life by ensuring the radio is played 'at reduced volume'.

The article then moves on to food and water:

... A healthy person can survive without food for up to three weeks provided they drink about three pints of water per day.

This will obviously vary according to climate and activity. Three pints may be adequate in someplace cool like Britain but be wholly inadequate in much of the United States in summer months. 

    Begin by carefully rationing any reserves of bottled water available to you. Many buildings and homes have dedicated water tanks: these will be safe to drink from. So is water held in the flush mechanism of a lavatory, but do not drink directly from the bowl.

    You might also find water in tinned foods such as beans and soft fruits.

    The Government advises drinking mains water only as a last resort — it is likely to be contaminated. Please note: water that contains radioactive particles is not made safe by boiling. However, it can be safely filtered through clay soil, which you might find in some indoor pot plants.

    If you possibly can, take iodine tablets to protect against thyroid cancer caused by radiation exposure. As Dr David Brownstein, a specialist in thyroid conditions, explains: 'If there is enough inorganic, non-radioactive iodine in our bodies, the radioactive fallout has nowhere to bind. It will pass through us, leaving our bodies unharmed.'

    If you can't source supplements, iodine-rich foods include seaweed and potato peel.

    As the days drag on, your mind can become as much of a prison as your shelter. If you have a battery-powered light such as a torch, use it sparingly to aid your circadian rhythms. Try to stay awake during the day and sleep through the night to avoid becoming disorientated.

    Two weeks after impact, the radioactive fallout will have declined to just one per cent of its original strength. It is now safe to come out.

    But what sort of a world will you find? The worst-case scenario is that global nuclear war has created a dense sheet of fog, formed of dust and smoke, which has settled so high in the atmosphere it does not come down.

    This sheet prevents sunlight from reaching earth. Temperatures in Britain will drop to as low as -25c, even in July.

    This is the 'nuclear winter', a theory established by academics — including the late Carl Sagan — in a 1983 paper, in which they concluded: 'The possibility of the extinction of Homo Sapiens cannot be excluded.'

    With crops destroyed, citizens will turn to the Millennium Seed Bank in Sussex, which preserves 2.4 billion seeds in deep underground caverns. [The U.S. government supposedly has 20 seed banks].

    With no sunlight and limited electricity, crops that grow in shade will be prioritised, such as spinach and chard, as well as root vegetables such as carrots, leeks and parsnips.

    In the short term, with contamination rendering most farmland barren, crops that can be grown without soil, such as micro-greens, will be important.

    Any animals with radiation sickness will die and should not be consumed.

    Any animal that appears healthy can be slaughtered for food — but do not eat the thyroid, kidneys or liver, as they will certainly be contaminated.

    A study published two years ago in the Nature Food academic journal estimates that in the event of a nuclear winter, five billion of the world's eight billion population would die from famine.

    The first few weeks, therefore, are only the beginning. A nuclear winter will likely see the breakdown of civilisation as we know it. Seeds will be worth more than gold. Sunlight will be a memory.

    But if our species does survive, then eventually — years down the line — the deadly smog will lift, the light will break through and humanity will have a chance to begin again.

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