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Wednesday, June 2, 2021

The Docent's Memo (6/2/2021)

 

VIDEO: "Gun Law 101: The MYTH of the Open Bolt Semi-Auto Ban"--Fudd Busters (20 min.)
This video addresses whether the all open bolt semi-auto designs are banned. The author's conclusion is no, because a design that was intended to be semi-auto (and not a copy of a full auto design) would not fall under the NFA restriction. Also, the author discusses the three ATF letters that established the "ban" and noted that they did not apply to weapons manufactured prior to the issuance of the letters.

Firearms/Self-Defense/Shooting: 

  • New Defensive Pistolcraft Post from May 29, 2021: Jon Low is back with more articles, videos, and commentary. The vast majority of his post is, of course, related to self-defense issues and using handguns, and there is a lot of good stuff there--too much for me to attempt to summarize. So check it out. But Jon also has some commentary based on his extensive education and experience with software engineering about the Colonial Pipeline shutdown and some advice concerning securing computer systems:
     The bad guys, DarkSide, did not disable the Colonial pipeline.They disabled the billing system.  Colonial stopped pumping fuel because they could not accurately bill their customers.  
 
     What affect do you think Colonial Pipeline's act of cowardice will have on future attackers?  
 
     Why do the bad guys use the Russian banking system?  Because the Russian banking system is unregulated.  So, it's really easy to launder money.  
 
     Five million U.S. dollars (equivalent) is chump change.  The point was to set a precedent.  They proved to future victims and the insurance companies that they are honorable, that they will lift the attack when paid.  
---
     Is there a short term solution?  Yes, back up and restore.  Yes, it is that simple.  (The billing department did not continuously record data, and the enemy knew this.)
 
     Is there a long term solution that will prevent such attacks in the future?  Yes, don't use proprietary software, including all operating systems and application programs.  Instead, use open source operating systems and programs.  The open source software is free
and doesn't have the vulnerabilities of proprietary software, because thousands of programmers have reviewed it.  It's a level of peer review that the private corporations can never achieve in their Quality Assurance departments.  
 
     Being part of the Microsoft Corporation monopoly is criminal stupidity.  
 
     If your IT department forces you to change your password periodically, they are criminally stupid.  Such a protocol is cryptologically WRONG!  Good passwords never become stale.  Bad passwords do not improve with change.  To think so, indicates a lack of understanding of cryptologic theory.  
 
     If your IT department forces you to use certain characters in your passwords, they are not increasing the complexity of your password.  They are just making the password more difficult for the human to remember, which forces the human to record the password somewhere, a vulnerability, because the enemy will find it, where ever it is recorded. Putting any restriction on the form of the password decreases the space that the enemy will have to search to find the password.  So, the bureaucrats that make these password policies don't even understand probability theory.  
    Readers familiar with Force Science research know how quickly armed suspects can turn and shoot while running. ...

    In one of their recent studies, Force Science researchers, in collaboration with a University in Utah, examined two shooting scenarios during which inexperienced shooters discharged a weapon while running. The subjects used in the study represented the age and fitness level of typical offenders. Of particular interest to the researchers was the speed of the assault and the time it would take for the shooter’s back to be presented to the target after firing the shot.

    “The shooting and turning times were fast. Whether they were shooting over their opposite arm or under, these inexperienced shooters were discharging their weapon faster than humans could reasonably be expected to see the threat and respond…much faster.” Lewinski explains: “In our previous studies, we observed that it took research subjects about half a second to identify and process a threat and another 1.5 to 2 seconds or longer to unholster their gun and return fire. This can mean, by the time someone can return fire…assuming they can return fire at all…the original shooter may be running at a full sprint with their back square to the person they just shot at. These observations can prove critical in the investigation of civilian self-defense cases, law enforcement use-of-force, or military engagements.”

    Lewinski added: “... we can share that we observed physical movements…like the raising of the opposite arm to facilitate underarm shootings…that consistently preceded the assailant’s shot. If potential victims are able to perceive them, these movements may provide enough of a warning to allow them to maneuver away from the impending shot.”
If, by some nasty stroke of ill fortune, somebody finds themselves in a fight, they have a situation that has to be resolved. It is best to approach that resolution as a winning effort and not as avoiding a loss.  It is a little like that mild pleasure of my autumn Sundays—NFL Football. You cannot win an NFL game with defense alone, because it can only achieve a 0-0 tie. The rare exception is the two-point safety. A defensive player who ends up with the ball (fumble, interception) instantly becomes an offensive player.

Clapp's reasoning bothers me, probably because the quotes and sayings to which he refers are based on military action, not civilian defensive action. It also ignores that many military blunders have resulted from conflating "destruction of the enemy" with "defeat of the enemy." In fact, in a defensive scenario, a final score of 0-0 is probably the optimal situation--e.g., avoiding a fight altogether, or causing the attacker to retreat or back-off and escape. I'm not urging that readers approach self-defense like a scared mouse, but that the "self-defense box", as Marc MacYoung describes it, is small and stepping out of it may land you in more hot-water than the aggressor. That is, you may think you won 1-0, but after the prosecutor gets done with you, the final score may be 1-25 as you get jailed for homicide or assault/battery with a deadly weapon.

Real attacks are normally a surprise; the offender has already selected their victim. The majority of violent actions materialize at very close range. There’s usually some type of physical assault, so we’re talking about arms’ reach distance. This normally occurs in a low-light environment, although more and more assaults are taking place in the daylight. And, unlike what we see on the screen, you’ll only have a few seconds to solve the problem.

On top of this, most of us, even if we have trained in martial arts, may not be prepared for the level of violence, pain, blood, etc. 

There’s a big difference between getting hit in the head by someone wearing sparring gloves, the experience we get at the dojo, compared to uncovered meat and hard bone striking you at full force. You may be knocked to the ground... The threat may even use their car or truck as a weapon. Winning the fight relies on not being surprised by anything that takes place.

Also, "[w]hen forced to fight, the amount of violence you use must be enough to stop the attack. There’s no time to apply plan A, then wait to see if that works before going to plan B, C or D."
  • "How to Make the Perfect Follow-Up Shot with a Rifle" by Tyler Freel, Outdoor Life. Short take: "Successful follow-ups almost always occur in fluid situations that require skill, calm, and cognitive calculation." And, as he discusses, sometimes just as important as mastering the follow up shot is to know when not to try a follow-up shot.
  • "Gun Review: US Rifle, Caliber .30, M1 (M1 Garand)"--The Truth About Guns. In this article, the author relates why the M1 Garand was special and why his particular Garand is special to him due to what it represents about American history. The author also notes:
What really seals the deal for the M1 Garand is that any American can have one of these shipped straight to their door, no FFL or transfer required. The Civilian Marksmanship Program (or CMP) will box up and ship one of these beauties to any American that meets the easy-to-achieve requirements and has about $700 to their name.

The article was originally published in 2012. As of the time of this writing, it appears that the only ones available are the "Field Grade" models for $650 plus shipping and handling, but there is a tremendous backlog due to the CMP being closed during the height of the Covid panic. Field Grade are described as follows:

Most of these rifles have been refinished or rebuilt at least once while in military service and will likely have some parts from other manufacturers. Fair to good condition. Rifle wear will be exhibited by worn and mixed colors of the finish; may have pitting on the metal parts; wood will be basically sound but may be well used with minor hairline cracks, and many dings, scratches and gouges; wood may not match in color, type of wood or condition. These rifles may have some foreign parts and wood may be Walnut, Birch, Beech or other variety. Wood may be new Hackberry wood with no holes drilled for the cleaning kit. Rifles do not have import marks. Bores will be generally good with only minor imperfections; the barrel crown may be nicked, and the muzzle may gauge a 3 on muzzle gauge. The Throat Erosion will gauge less than 5 – well within US Army standards. Do not expect rifles in mint condition in this grade. May come with new wood.

  • "Review: Charter Arms Professional"--American Rifleman. This .357 Magnum revolver sports a nitride finish and nice looking wooden stocks. I have never shot a Charter Arms revolver, so I can't speak to their fit and finish or reliability, but the reviewer had a positive experience with the provided test gun.
  • "The .327 Federal Magnum Ruger LCR"--Revolver Guy. Because of the smaller diameter of the cartridges, you get 6 rounds instead of the standard 5 for .38 caliber. "The .327 chambering made the gun a garbage disposal for straight-walled .32 handgun rounds. It will also chamber .32 H&R Mag, .32 S&W Long (.32 Colt New Police), .32 S&W, and the semi-rimmed .32 ACP. The first three rounds are by far the most useful, but it’s nice to know you can shoot the .32 S&W and ACP in a pinch." The author gives his impressions of the revolver, and relates sources of accessories for it including speed strips and speed loaders. He recommends the .32 H&R loads over the .327 Mag. because of the excessive recoil of the latter. He adds:
I calculated the kinetic energy using his measured velocities, for consistency. The numbers demonstrate that the .32 is close enough to the .38 that you actually get more “energy per cylinder” with the 6th round the .32 provides. Using the penetration and expansion values obtained in the Clear Ballistics gel for comparison, the bullets perform similarly. Of course, gel results and kinetic energy don’t guarantee incapacitation, but good hits win gunfights. A 17-ounce LCR with 80 grain .32’s is easier to shoot well than a 13.5-ounce LCR with .38 Specials, and you get one more of them. The .32 H&R Critical Defense load is controllable and delivers respectable terminal performance from the short barrel of the LCR. It also takes care of that last nagging issue we hate about snub guns, by hitting to the sights!
  • "The Magic Of A Cartridge Belt" by Dave Workman, GUNS Magazine. The author discusses cartridge belts for revolvers, including how to make the loops:
    I worked out a formula for measuring the actual length of a loop — wrapping the thin leather loop material around a cartridge against a flat surface. For example, for the .38 Special/.357 Magnum, one marks off half-inch spaces between lines of stitching on the belt. The actual finished loop enclosing the cartridge measures 1″ from stitch line to stitch line, to wrap around the cartridge, and my loops are an inch wide top-to-bottom to keep cartridges secure.

    For the .32 H&R Magnum/.327 Federal, the loop distance is 7/8" with stitching at 15/32". On my .41 Magnum belts, each loop requires 1 1/8" stitched every 9/16", while the .44 Special/.44 Magnum loops require just a bit more leather (1 3/16") also stitched at 9/16" intervals. For the .45 Colt, I also use 1 3/16" of leather, stitched down every 5/8". The loops may be a little tight, but the upside of that is I’m not going to worry about losing cartridges.
  • What a prick: "Biden's ATF Nominee Wants to Ban 'Assault Weapons' and His Definition Is Terrifyingly Broad..."--PJ Media.  David Chipman was an ATF agent that participated in the Waco-Branch Davidian fiasco, and thus, more likely than not, a literal child killer. He also works with former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords' gun control organization. Chipman is all for banning so-called "assault weapons," but danced around the question of how he would define an "assault weapon." But, at one point, he referenced a past definition used by the ATF that defined the term as any semi-automatic rifle using a detachable box magazine in a caliber larger than .22, the .223 falling within that "larger" category. I imagine it wouldn't be too difficult to convert a .223/5.56 to shoot .17 Remington--should just be a barrel change. And if you have an AK-74, you would be good to go under that definition since the 5.45x39 cartridge uses a .21 caliber bullet. 

VIDEO: "The Disaster Cycle | Solar Micronova"--Suspicious Observers (7 min.)

Survival and Prepping:
  • "How to Dye a Backpack – Quickly and Safely" by Tim Makay, Modern Survival Online. Makay discusses why you might want to dye a backpack--typically to change the color to something less noticeable, or, at least, to darken the tone so it doesn't stand out so much--as well as instructions on how to do it, both for backpacks employing natural fibers, and those made of synthetic fibers. It sounds like a messy job. While it is perfectly normal to want to remain unseen--particularly in the classic SHTF bug-out scenario where you fear being subject to predation by armed gangs or groups--I would be cautious about such a project. I say this because sometimes you want to be seen: e.g., crossing a road, riding a bike in inclement weather or at night, if you get lost in the woods, hunting around other hunters, etc. Plus, during a situation where there may well be thousands of other people similarly bugging out using backpacks, the non-military or non-tactical looking backpack may well attract less attention than the one that screams "I have a gun."
  • Bug-out: "Tens of thousands forced to flee in DR Congo as officials warn lava from erupting volcano is underneath city and could boil to the surface or spew poisonous gas at any moment"--Daily Mail. Per the article, Mount Nyiragongo erupted the weekend of May 22-23, spewing lava on to the nearby city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The lava flows into the city of 1.5 million left 31 dead, 40 missing, and 20,000 homeless. The article continues:

    Entire neighbourhoods were buried in rock which has now begun to cool and solidify, but on Thursday experts warned that 'deformations' in the ground indicate there is more liquid magma underneath the city and under the surface of Lake Kirvu, on whose shores the city sits.

    That magma could come boiling to the surface at any moment, military governor General Constant Ndima said, and if it mixes with the lake water could also create poisonous gas. 

Consequently, the government ordered the evacuation of ten neighborhoods of Goma - with a total population of 670,000 per the article - with people told to bring only essentials on to boats which will take them to another town 13 miles away. Photographs show main roads clogged with traffic as people seek to flee the city.

  • "Hiking with Trekking Poles"--Swift Silent Deadly (h/t Active Response Training). As the author describes, the advantage from trekking poles comes primarily with using a pair rather than a single pole. The benefits to using poles is reduced impact on your knees when descending long slopes, using your upper body to help climb steep slopes, and stability in rough or broken terrain or crossing a stream. In addition, he mentions some emergency uses, such as support if you sprang or break an ankle, or as an impromptu weapon. He also discusses some of the disadvantages to trekking poles as well as desirable features.
  • "Off-Grid Solar’s Killer App: Solar pumps, batteries, and microcredit are triggering an African agricultural renaissance" by Peter Fairley, IEEE Spectrum. The article highlights a company operating in Kenya which is producing and selling small solar powered water pump systems to small plot farmers. From the article:

    Eight years and four major design iterations later, SunCulture is selling a robust system for about $950—less than one-fifth the price of its first product. The package combines solar-energy equipment with a pump and four LED lights and supports an optional TV. The pump is designed to tap water from as deep as 30 meters and irrigate a 0.4-hectare plot.

    Nichols says the company’s key hardware breakthrough was to include a battery. Most solar pumping systems, including SunCulture’s early offerings, employ a water-storage tank that can be filled only when the sun is strong enough to run the pump. Nixing the tank and adding a battery instead created a stable power supply that customers could use to pump and irrigate on their own schedules. The battery can also charge in the early morning and late afternoon when the sunlight is too weak to run the pump directly.

    SunCulture’s partners supply the batteries, photovoltaic panels, and screw pumps driven by high-efficiency brushless DC motors. The company’s core intellectual property lies in the printed circuit board for its integrated controller, communications, and battery base unit, designed by the company’s senior electrical engineer Bogdan Patlun and his Ukraine-based team.
    The Micro Trauma Kit NOW features an elastic-sided sleeve with a trifold insert that you can easily gain access to by yanking on the pull tabs located on either side. Both tabs have a “Ball Loaded Index Point” or BLIP in short, which allows the user to get a grip and easily yank the insert out for quick access to the medical supplies inside. This small pack comes in a number of different options, including a belt carry, and Molle compatible option. I chose to attach my Micro TKN to my EDC bag, so the Molle attachment was my choice.

    The Micro TKN can be purchased alone, or with medical supplies included. There are advantages to both routes: in the first, you can customize the Micro TKN with whatever gear you want to best fit your prospective needs. In the latter, you get a kit with high-quality gear provided in a useful combination.
 
And you have options even as to what medical supplies are included. The author, for instance, relates:

I chose to fill my Micro Trauma Kit with Blue Force Gear’s “Advanced Medical Supplies” because I felt that this kit best fit my needs/capabilities as an EMT and health care professional. This kit ($139.95) comes with the following:
  • QuickClot Combat Gauze
  • HyFin Vent Chest Seal (2 seals included)
  • Cleer Medical Trauma Bandage 4” Flat Pack
  • Decompression needle
  • Six 2” x9” Frog Tape
  • Size 28 Nasopharyngeal Airway
  • Heavy Duty Medical Gloves in tan (1 pair)
But he also mentions:

There is also an option for a basic medical supply kit ($69.95) which consists of the following:
  • Hemostatic dressing for wound packing/clotting (1 included)
  • 4″ Emergency Trauma Dressing (1 included)
  • 9″ Medical Grade Easy Tape (6 included)
  • Tourni-Kwik Compression Tourniquet (1 included)
  • Heavy Duty Medical Gloves (1 pair of large sized gloves)
I would note that the Tourni-Kwik is not among those certified by the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC), and just looking at a photograph of the product, I doubt that it would be effective as a tourniquet because there is no way to cinch it down. The advanced medical supplies also seems expensive considering that it does not include a tourniquet. Rather than this route, you might want to purchase the NSN MARCH™ IFAK Resupply Kit from Kommando Store which has most of the products you would need in a trauma kit for around $60 and then purchase a bag for it. Most likely, even if you were to buy that resupply kit, you would want to make some upgrades. The two upgrades most often made are to upgrade the rather crappy black nitrile gloves from the kit with a color that can actually be used for detecting bleeding. Also, the included tourniquet is not the best. Kommando Store offers the kits with upgraded blue nitrile gloves and a CAT tourniquet for $80. Currently they are out-of-stock on both items, but just check back periodically or sign up for an email notification. 
 

VIDEO: "Wuhan Coronavirus Lab Leak No Longer a 'Conspiracy Theory'"--China Uncensored (22 min.)

COVID News:
    Two years after Fauci’s defense of the high-stakes research, the U.S. government deemed the work so dangerous it was banned. According to longtime journalist and former New York Times science writer Nicholas Wade, however, Fauci circumvented the U.S. moratorium and supported gain-of-function with grant money from the NIAID funneled through EcoHealth Alliance, operated by Dr. Peter Daszak.

    “From June 2014 to May 2019 EcoHealth Alliance had a grant from NIAID, part of the National Institutes of Health, to do gain-of-function research with coronaviruses at the Wuhan Institute of Virology,” Wade reported in a lengthy Medium post.

Interestingly, Daszak was the sole U.S.-based representative on the WHO team sent to investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, six of the 17 Western scientists on the WHO team work under Daszak at EcoHealth. But I'm sure that didn't affect his judgment on whether his subcontracted research led to the pandemic (wink, wink).

New findings reported Tuesday in a University of Louisville study challenge what has been the prevailing belief that mask mandates are necessary to slow the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus. The study notes that "80% of US states mandated masks during the COVID-19 pandemic" and while "mandates induced greater mask compliance, [they] did not predict lower growth rates when community spread was low (minima) or high (maxima)." Among other things, the study—conducted using data from the CDC covering multiple seasons—reports that "mask mandates and use are not associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 spread among US states."
TrialSite has learned of material information regarding mRNA vaccine safety revealed by a freedom of information act (FOIA) request filed by a group of Canadian physicians. These doctors have become concerned about COVID-19 mRNA vaccine safety. This new safety information involves the Pfizer mRNA-based vaccine known as BNT162b2 or “Comirnaty.” The FOIA documents reveal animal study results demonstrating that the Pfizer mRNA-based vaccine does not remain at the injection site, but rather appears to spread widely after injection. According to the documents, pre-clinical studies show that the active part of the vaccine (mRNA-lipid nanoparticles), which produce the spike protein, spreads throughout the body and is then concentrated in various organs, including the ovaries and spleen. The FOIA-produced data sets are incomplete, so the full meaning of these data cannot be determined at this time. 


VIDEO: "Teaching Pretribulation Rapture Is Satanic"--God Family & Guns (16 min.)
The host of this video explains that the scriptures are clear that any rapture will be at the end of the tribulation period when Christ returns, and that teaching a pre-tribulation rapture is false doctrine.

Miscellany:
  • "The Way The Constitution Dies"--Wilder, Wealthy & Wise. John Wilder discusses why the continuity of the Constitution requires a populace that identifies with America, its history and people. A selection from the article:
    Today, however, the population of the United States is at least 14% foreign born, but I’d bet that number undercounts illegal aliens.  Second generation Americans, people born here of immigrants, account for at least 10% of the population.  A quarter of the population of this country simply has no connection to anything American.  10% were born here, but were raised in a household that had little to no connection to anything American.

* * *
    25% of the people in the United States, however, simply aren’t American by any sort of rational criteria.  One out of four – an amazing number and a number that is going to grow based on current trends and census data, perhaps to one in three by 2060.  The United States has never had such high numbers of foreign born in history.

    As these numbers grow, the electorate changes to an electorate that has no history of a representative democracy – most people coming to the United States are from places where elections are not free and fair, and in many cases the politicians from those countries are so corrupt to make Illinois look like a Boy Scout® camp.  These are also places where constitutions are meant not for the people, but for the state, and are changed out with stunning regularity, often accompanied by firing squads and atrocity.  They expect better here, but they also are ready-made for the politicians that promise them the world.

Read the whole thing. 

  • Birth dearth: "Fertility rate: 'Jaw-dropping' global crash in children being born"--BBC News. The article notes that "[f]alling fertility rates mean nearly every country could have shrinking populations by the end of the century," and "23 nations - including Spain and Japan - are expected to see their populations halve by 2100." The exception to this will be Sub-Saharan Africa whose population is expected to triple in size to more than three billion people by 2100; Nigeria alone is expected to reach a population of 791 million, according to the article. Conversely, China will see its population decline to 732 million by 2100. Of course, the real crux of the problem, as the article describes it is that because people are living longer, you will see an inverted population structure where elderly people will outnumber the number of young people.
Who pays tax in a massively aged world? Who pays for healthcare for the elderly? Who looks after the elderly? Will people still be able to retire from work?

The article suggests that the solution--over the short term--will be importing workers from more populous countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa. 

    I have a few comments. First, I don't see sub-Saharan Africa's population exploding to the extent predicted by the researchers. History has shown that when women's education and birth control have expanded into the third world, their birth rates plunge much more quickly than had happened in the industrialized nations. We've seen this in Latin American, the Middle-East, and South East Asia. There is no reason it won't occur in Africa.

    Second, the lack of workers to support an older population is just a scare tactic to justify opening the door to more immigration. We've been warned by many experts in artificial intelligence and robotics that many jobs and professions will be automated in the future. In other words, we won't need as many people to work to support the population. Thus, there will be no need to import large numbers of foreign workers.

    Third, if we import workers in a quest to build a tax base to support retirees, it will backfire. These non-assimilable populations will simply vote to rid themselves of the older, shrinking native population. 

  • Too little, too late: "China ends two-child policy and will allow couples to have three children to head off disastrous population decline"--Daily Mail. China dropped the one-child policy in 2016, allowing couples to have two children. But, "[d]espite government efforts to encourage couples to have children, China's annual births have continued to plummet to a record low of 12 million in 2020, the National Bureau of Statistics said last month." Studies have shown that only people with conservative religious beliefs tend to buck the trend, but China is prosecuting those in its population that are religious. Anyway, the article adds:
    Although the [one child] policy has been relaxed in the last few years, this has not prompted a baby boom as policymakers had hoped.

    Falling marriage rates in recent years have played out in slower birth rates, as have rising costs of living and increasingly empowered and educated women delaying or avoiding childbirth.

    The demographic shift in China has significant economic and political implications for the world's second biggest economy.

    A third of Chinese are forecast to be elderly by 2050, heaping huge pressure on the state to provide pensions and healthcare.

I guess it won't be the Chinese century after all. 

    Albany's violent crime spike isn't an outlier. Last weekend, at least 12 mass shootings occurred across nine states, killing 11 people and injuring at least 70, according to database compiled by the Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit group that tracks such incidents.

    The carnage included a shooting outside a nightclub in Minneapolis, which killed two and injured eight. Another two were killed and a dozen injured when shots were fired at a house party in Fairfield Township, N.J., and three were killed in a shooting outside a bar in Youngstown, Ohio.

    And this weekend, two people were killed and more than 20 injured in the Miami area after men with assault rifles and handguns began "shooting indiscriminately into a crowd" at a concert early Sunday, police said.

    As the nation marks Memorial Day, the unofficial beginning of summer, many officials are concerned that this is a preview of what they could face in cities nationwide in coming months, when the onset of warm weather almost always marks a rise in violent crime. Some worry that the violence could be especially pronounced this season as Americans emerge back into society after a year of coronavirus-related shutdowns and restrictions.

No mention, though, of the impact of calls to "defund the police" and more reluctant policing by the officers that haven't quit or retired. 

The notoriously violent Jalisco cartel has responded to Mexico’s “hugs, not bullets” policy with a policy of its own: The cartel kidnapped several members of an elite police force in the state of Guanajuato, tortured them to obtain names and addresses of fellow officers and is now hunting down and killing police at their homes, on their days off, in front of their families.
    Near Mariehem’s water tower in Umeå, a gang of four dark-haired foreign men in their twenties suddenly confronted her. “What are you looking at?”

    Amanda decided not to take any notice of the troublemakers. “I ignored them and did not answer. They lined up and blocked the way and did not move so I have to go into the woods to get around them. And the moment I pass them, one turns, I can hear him come towards me and kick me. Then I don’t remember much.”

    The woman lost consciousness after the assault. She does not know how long she was unconscious, but when she awoke, the group of men was no longer there. She said she “hadn’t provoked them at all”.

    The “foreigners” spoke Swedish, and they used slang expressions. “I saw that they looked foreign, but maybe they were born in Sweden,” Amanda said. She believes they were from the Middle East, but said she was not sure. She had never met any of the men before.

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